SECURE ROUTE DISCOVERY FOR DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING IN MANETs

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collections of wireless mobile devices with restricted broadcast range and resources and no fixed infrastructure. Communication is achieved by communicating data along suitable routes that are dynamically discovered and maintained through association between the nodes. Discovery of such routes is a major task both from good organization and security points of view. Recently a security model tailored to the specific requirements of MANETs. A novel route discovery algorithm called endairA is also proposed together with a claimed security proof within the same model. In this paper we show the security proof for the route discovery algorithm endairA is malfunctioning and moreover this algorithm is vulnerable to a hidden channel attack. We also analyze the security framework that is used for route discovery and argue the compos ability is an essential feature for ubiquitous applications. We conclude by discussing some of the major security challenges for route discovery in MANETs

Adaptation of counters redundant bits with the provision of dual supply and modified clock gating to favour of low power in VLSI

750-757The utilization of usual supply voltage and clock for repetitive state transistors in digital circuits is a fundamental driver for high power utilization. Most significant bit states of the counter stay longer than the least significant bit states and it has some repetitive states. To limit the supply voltage and stop the clock for MSB Flip Flop (FF) transistor, our method uses Control Combinational Logic, Voltage selector and Modified Integrated Clock Gating blocks. The LSB transistor always have a supply voltage of 1.2V and succession of the clock, while MSB transistor gets just 480mV and the clock will be stopped by the this technique. Bring down the supply voltage and quit the clock for redundant states either 0 or 1 in MSB. Meantime supply 1.2V and clock for state changes over from one state to next state. The experimental simulation was done in 45nm CMOS technology using Cadence virtuoso indicates that this asynchronous counter achieves a power savings of 23.57% and the same modified technique when applied to the counters with transmission-gate FF, hybrid-latch FF and sense amplifier FF will have more than 40% power savings and the technique applied in some benchmark circuits will have more than 22% power savings than existing techniques

Adaptation of counters redundant bits with the provision of dual supply and modified clock gating to favour of low power in VLS

The utilization of usual supply voltage and clock for repetitive state transistors in digital circuits is a fundamental driver for high power utilization. Most significant bit states of the counter stay longer than the least significant bit states and it has some repetitive states. To limit the supply voltage and stop the clock for MSB Flip Flop (FF) transistor, our method uses Control Combinational Logic, Voltage selector and Modified Integrated Clock Gating blocks. The LSB transistor always have a supply voltage of 1.2V and succession of the clock, while MSB transistor gets just 480mV and the clock will be stopped by the this technique. Bring down the supply voltage and quit the clock for redundant states either 0 or 1 in MSB. Meantime supply 1.2V and clock for state changes over from one state to next state. The experimental simulation was done in 45nm CMOS technology using Cadence virtuoso indicates that this asynchronous counter achieves a power savings of 23.57% and the same modified technique when applied to the counters with transmission-gate FF, hybrid-latch FF and sense amplifier FF will have more than 40% power savings and the technique applied in some benchmark circuits will have more than 22% power savings than existing techniques

Brain tumor segmentation using threshold method: Applications of image processing techniques in medical sector

Tumor cells are uncontrolled cells that grow uniformly and without control when they are deprived of normal factors. The death rate from brain tumors among humans is high every year. In the United States, about 50 patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors die each year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most commonly used and popular methods of diagnosing brain tumors. This research work presented an automated method for brain tumor detection using gray-scale MRI images. This method involved initial enhancement to reduce gray-scale colour fluctuations. A filter was used to improve segmentation.A threshold-based OTSU segmentation instead of colour segmentation in this study because the images were grayscale. Finally, pathology experts gave information that was used to establish the study's focus areas (brain tumor region). The testing results revealed that the proposed strategy outperformed existing available alternatives in terms of accuracy while retaining an acceptable accuracy rate for pathology experts